Encyclopedia - Philosophy

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a priori Adler, Mortimer J(erome) aesthetics Alexandrists altruism analytic philosophy analytic-synthetic distinction Anaxagoras Anaximenes Arabic philosophy argument from design Aristotle atomism Austin, J(ohn) L(angshaw) Averroës Avicenna axiology axiomatic method Ayer, Sir A(lfred) J(ules) Böhme, Jakob

Bacon, Francis, Viscount St. Albans Bacon, Roger Bayle, Pierre Bentham, Jeremy Bergson, Henri (-Louis) Berkeley, George Berlin, Sir Isaiah biology, philosophy of Boethius Bosanquet, Bernard Bradley, F(rancis) H(erbert) Bruno, Giordano bundle theory Buridan, Jean Butler, Joseph Cambridge Platonists Carnap, Rudolf Cartesian circle Cartesianism Cassirer, Ernst

categorical imperative categorical proposition causation cogito, ergo sum cognitive science cognitivism coherentism Collingwood, R(obin) G(eorge) compatibilism completeness Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de connectionism consequentialism constructivism Continental philosophy cosmological argument covering-law model critical theory Croce, Benedetto Cudworth, Ralph

Cynics Cyrenaics Davidson, Donald decision theory deduction definition Deleuze, Gilles Democritus deontic logic deontological ethics Descartes, René determinism Dilthey, Wilhelm Diogenes of Sinope double-aspect theory dualism Dummett, Sir Michael A(nthony) E(ardley) education, philosophy of egoism Eleaticism

emergence emotivism Empedocles empiricism Epictetus Epicureanism Epicurus epistemology Erigena, John Scotus essentialism ethical relativism ethics Eucken, Rudolf Christoph eudaemonism existentialism explanation fact-value distinction fallacy, formal and informal feminist philosophy Fermat's last theorem

Feuerbach, Ludwig (Andreas) Fichte, Johann Gottlieb Ficino, Marsilio first cause folk psychology form formal system foundationalism Frankfurt school free will problem Frege, (Friedrich Ludwig) Gottlob Gadamer, Hans-Georg game theory Gemistus Plethon, George Geulincx, Arnold Habermas, Jürgen Hanfeizi Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegelianism Heidegger, Martin

Helvétius, Claude-Adrien Heracleitus history, philosophy of holism Horkheimer, Max Hume, David Husserl, Edmund hylomorphism hylozoism idealism identity of indiscernibles identity theory implication Indian philosophy individuation induction induction, problem of instrumentalism intelligent design intention

intentionality interactionism intuition intuitionism intuitionism Ionian school James, William Japanese philosophy Jaspers, Karl (Theodor) Jewish philosophy just war theory justice Kant, Immanuel Kantianism Kierkegaard, Søren (Aabye) Kindi, al- Kripke, Saul Kuhn, Thomas (Samuel) Lévinas, Emmanuel Langer, Susanne K(nauth)

language, philosophy of Lesniewski, Stanislaw Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr (baron) von Leibniz Lewis, C(larence) I(rving) Lewis, David (Kellogg) liar paradox Llull, Ramon Locke, John logic logic, many-valued logic, philosophy of logical positivism logicism Lucretius Machiavelli, Niccolò Malebranche, Nicolas de Marcel, Gabriel (-Honoré) Marcuse, Herbert Maritain, Jacques materialism

mathematics, philosophy of meaning mechanism Megarian school Meinong, Alexius, Ritter (knight) von Handschuchsheim Mencius mereology Merleau-Ponty, Maurice metalogic metaphysics Mill's methods Mill, John Stuart mind, philosophy of mind-body problem modal logic modus ponens and modus tollens monism Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de (La Brède et de) Moore, G(eorge) E(dward) moral psychology

natural law naturalism naturalistic fallacy necessity Neo-Kantianism Neo-Thomism Neoplatonism New Realism Nietzsche, Friedrich (Wilhelm) noncognitivism Nozick, Robert occasionalism Ockham's razor Ockham, William of ontological argument ontology operationalism opposition, square of Ortega y Gasset, José other minds, problem of

paradoxes of Zeno Parmenides Pascal's wager Pascal, Blaise patristic literature Peirce, Charles Sanders phenomenalism phenomenology philanthropy Philo Judaeus philosophical anthropology philosophy physics, philosophy of Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni, conte (count) di Concordia Plato Platonism Plotinus pluralism political philosophy Popper, Sir Karl (Raimund)

positivism possible world practical reason pragmatics pragmatism pre-Socratics predicate calculus prescriptivism prisoner's dilemma process philosophy propositional attitude propositional calculus propositional function Protagoras Putnam, Hilary Pythagoreanism quality Quine, W(illard) V(an) O(rman) rational psychology rationalism

Rawls, John realism Reid, Thomas relation relativism religion, philosophy of representationalism Rorty, Richard (McKay) Ross, Sir William David Rousseau, Jean-Jacques Royce, Josiah Russell, Bertrand (Arthur William), 3rd Earl Russell Ryle, Gilbert Saadia ben Joseph Sartre, Jean-Paul Scheler, Max Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schleiermacher, Friedrich (Ernst Daniel) Schopenhauer, Arthur science, philosophy of

scientific method sense-data Sidgwick, Henry Singer, Peter (David Albert) skepticism Socrates sophists sorites sorites problem speech act theory Spinoza, Benedict de Steiner, Rudolf Stoicism Suárez, Francisco supervenience syllogism syllogistic tautology Teilhard de Chardin, (Marie-Joseph-) Pierre teleological ethics

teleology Thales of Miletus theosophy thought, laws of time transcendental argument truth types, theory of unified science universal utilitarianism validity verifiability principle Vico, Giambattista Vienna Circle virtue virtue ethics voluntarism Weil, Simone Whewell, William

Whitehead, Alfred North Wittgenstein, Ludwig (Josef Johann) Wolff, Christian, Freiherr (baron) von Xenocrates Xenophanes of Colophon Zeno of Citium Zeno of Elea