Encyclopedia - Geology

For geology and the earth, we rock.

Abbe, Cleveland abyssal plain Acadian orogeny acid rain actinolite aegirine Agassiz, (Jean) Louis (Rodolphe) agate agglomerate Agricola, Georgius air air mass air pollution alabaster albite alkali feldspar Alleghenian orogeny Alpine orogeny amber amethyst

ammonoid amosite amphibole amphibole asbestos amphibolite amphibolite facies amygdule Andean Geosyncline andesite anhydrite anorthite anorthosite anthophyllite anthracite apatite aplite Appalachian Geosyncline Appalachian orogenic belt aquamarine aquifer

aragonite Archean Eon arkose asbestos asphalt asthenosphere atmosphere atmospheric pressure atoll augite aurora avalanche Ballard, Robert D(uane) barite basalt batholith bathypelagic zone bay bayou beach

belemnoid beryl biotite bitumen bituminous coal black sand bomb borax bornite bottom water boudinage Bowen, Norman L(evi) breccia Burgess Shale butte calcite caldera Caledonian orogenic belt calendar calendar, Jewish

calendar, Muslim Cambrian Period Canadian Shield canyon carbon-14 dating carbonate mineral Carboniferous Period carnelian cat's-eye cave cementation Cenozoic Era chalcedony chalcocite chalcopyrite chalk chemical hydrology chert and flint chlorite chromite

chrysotile cinder cone citrine clay mineral cleavage climate climatology cloud coal Coal Measures coast colour index conglomerate conodont continent continental drift continental shelf continental shield continental slope coquina

coral reef Cordilleran Geosyncline core corundum Cousteau, Jacques-Yves crater Cretaceous Period crevasse crocidolite crust crystalline rock Cullinan diamond Cuvier, Georges (-Léopold-Chrétien-Frédéric-Dagobert), Baron cyclone Dana, James D(wight) day Daylight Saving Time deep-sea trench deep-sea vent delta

density current desert desert varnish Devonian Period dew diabase diagenesis diamond diastrophism diatomaceous earth diopside diorite dolomite drought dunite earthquake East Pacific Rise eclogite economic geology El Niño

emerald emery engineering geology enstatite environmental geology Eocene Epoch eon epicentre epidote epidote-amphibolite facies epoch Equator era erosion estuary eurypterid evaporation evaporite Ewing, (William) Maurice extrusive rock

fault faunal succession, law of feldspar feldspathoid felsic and mafic rocks felsic rock filter-pressing fishing industry fission-track dating fjord flood fluorite flysch fog fold foliation forsterite-fayalite series fossil fossil fuel fracture

front frost fumarole fusulinid gabbro Gaia hypothesis galena garnet gas reservoir gemstone geochemical cycle geochemistry geochronology geode geodesy geography geologic time geology geomagnetic field geomagnetic reversal

geomagnetics geomorphology geophysics geosyncline geothermal energy geyser glacier glaciology glaucophane schist facies global warming gneiss goethite Goldschmidt, Victor Moritz Gondwana Grand Canyon series granite granodiorite granulite facies graptolite gravel

graywacke greenhouse effect greenschist facies Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) Gregorian calendar groundwater gulf Gulf Stream gypsum Haüy, René-Just hail halide mineral halite Hall, James Hall, Sir James hard water helium dating hematite Holocene Epoch Hope diamond

hornblende hot spot hot spring Humboldt, (Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich) Alexander, Freiherr (baron) von humidity Hutton, James hydrologic cycle hydrology hydrosphere hydrothermal ore deposit ice age ice formation iceberg igneous rock ilmenite inosilicate International Date Line intrusive rock ionosphere island

island arc isostasy jade jadeite jasper Jeffreys, Sir Harold jet stream joint Jurassic Period kaolinite kerogen kimberlite Koh-i-noor kyanite La Niña Labrador Current labradorite lagoon lake landslide

lapis lazuli Laramide orogeny laterite latite latitude and longitude Laurentide Ice Sheet lava leaching lead-210 dating leucite lightning lignite limestone limnology limonite lithification lithosphere loess Lorenz, Edward (Norton) lustre

lutite Lyell, Sir Charles mafic rock magma magnetite malachite mantle map marble marcasite marine geology marine geophysics marine sediment marsh mass movement meander meerschaum mesa Mesozoic Era metamorphic rock

metamorphism metasomatic replacement meteorite crater meteoritics meteorology mica microclimate microcline migmatite mineral mineralogy mining Miocene Epoch mirage Mississippian Subperiod Moho Mohorovicic, Andrija Mohs hardness monsoon monzonite

moraine mountain mudflow muscovite nappe native element natural bridge natural gas nepheline nepheline syenite nephrite nodule Nordenskiöld, (Nils) Adolf Erik, Frihere (baron) nuée ardente nuclear winter oasis obsidian ocean ocean current oceanic plateau

oceanic ridge oceanography oil shale Oligocene Epoch olivine onyx opal Ordovician Period ore orogeny orthoclase outwash oxbow lake oxide mineral Paleocene Epoch paleoclimatology paleogeography paleogeology paleohydrology paleomagnetism

paleontology Paleozoic Era Pangea peat pediment pedology pegmatite peneplain Pennsylvanian Subperiod peridot peridotite period perlite permafrost Permian Period petrified wood petroleum trap petrology Phanerozoic Eon phosphorite

phyllite pitchblende placer deposit placer mining plagioclase plain plate tectonics plateau playa Pleistocene Epoch Pliocene Epoch polar wandering porphyry copper deposit potassium-argon dating prairie Precambrian time precipitation Proterozoic Eon psilomelane pumice

pyrite pyroxene pyroxenite pyrrhotite quartz quartzite Quaternary Period quicksand rain rainbow replacement deposit rhodochrosite rhodonite rhyolite Richter scale rift valley rip current ripple mark river rock

rock crystal rock glacier roof pendant rose quartz rubidium-strontium dating ruby rutile Sabine, Sir Edward Saint Elmo's fire salt dome sand sand dune sandbar sandstone sapphire schist scoria sea ice sea level seafloor spreading

seamount season seawater Sedgwick, Adam sedimentary facies sedimentary rock sedimentation sedimentology seismic wave seismology serpentine shale shale oil sheet erosion siderite silica mineral silicate mineral siliceous rock sill sillimanite

silt siltstone Silurian Period Simpson, George Gaylord sinkhole sinter sirocco skarn slate Smith, William smog smoky quartz snow soil soil science sphalerite spinel spring stalactite and stalagmite standard time

staurolite Steno, Nicolaus stibnite stratification stratigraphy stratosphere streak streambed strike strip mining stromatolite structural geology stylolite subbituminous coal subduction zone submarine canyon submarine fan submarine fracture zone submarine slump sulfide mineral

swamp Taconic Orogeny talc tar sand tectonics tektite temperature inversion Tertiary Period thunderstorm tidal flat tide tigereye till topaz tornado tourmaline trachyte travertine Triassic Period tropical cyclone

troposphere tsunami tuff turbidity current turquoise uniformitarianism Universal Time uraninite uranium-234-uranium–238 dating uranium-thorium-lead dating urban climate valley varved deposit volcanic glass volcanism volcano volcanology water resource water table waterfall

wave wave-cut platform weather weather forecasting weather modification weathering Wegener, Alfred (Lothar) Werner, Abraham Gottlob Wilson, J(ohn) Tuzo wind wind chill wind shear year zeolite zeolitic facies zircon